Shape-dependent Depinning of a Domain Wall by a Magnetic Field and a Spin-Polarized Current

The effect of sample shape on the depinning of the domain wall (DW) driven by an applied magnetic field or a spin-polarized current is studied theoretically. The shape effect resulting from the modulation of the sample width (geometric pinning) can essentially affect the DW depinning. We found a good agreement between the ratios of the critical values of the magnetic field and the spin-polarized current predicted by the theory and measured in the experiment.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

The Dearest Pal (Is My Mother Old and Gray)

With Ukulele arrangement. Contains advertisements and/or short musical examples of pieces being sold by publisher.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/7020/thumbnail.jp

Backpack VLBI terminal with subscentimeter capability

Backpack portable equipment was developed to measure vector baseline from approximately 1 km to 100 km in length with subcentimeter to few centimeter accuracy. The equipment design features as well as the instrumentation specifications are discussed. It is shown that the unit has the following advantages: it is simple in concept; it is reliable in unattended operation; and it is inexpensive (less than $15,000 per unit)

Franchise Law Compliance: Before the Logo Hits the Streets

The increasing popularity of franchising as a method of doing business has led to substantial regulation aimed at safeguarding existing and potential franchisees. This article discusses the registration and disclosure requirements of the Maryland Franchise Act The authors analyze the steps to be taken by a practitioner in achieving compliance with the franchise laws in Maryland and in jurisdictions governed by statutes similar to that of Maryland

Franchise Law Compliance: Before the Logo Hits the Streets

The increasing popularity of franchising as a method of doing business has led to substantial regulation aimed at safeguarding existing and potential franchisees. This article discusses the registration and disclosure requirements of the Maryland Franchise Act The authors analyze the steps to be taken by a practitioner in achieving compliance with the franchise laws in Maryland and in jurisdictions governed by statutes similar to that of Maryland

Over-representation of specific regions of chromosome 22 in cells from human glioma correlate with resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant form of brain tumor. Despite treatment including surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation, these tumors typically recur. The recurrent tumor is often resistant to further therapy with the same agent, suggesting that the surviving cells that repopulate the tumor mass have an intrinsic genetic advantage. We previously demonstrated that cells selected for resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) are near-diploid, with over-representation of part or all of chromosomes 7 and 22. While cells from untreated gliomas often have over-representation of chromosome 7, chromosome 22 is typically under-represented. METHODS: We have analyzed cells from primary and recurrent tumors from the same patient before and after in vitro selection for resistance to clinically relevant doses of BCNU. Karyotypic analyses were done to demonstrate the genetic makeup of these cells, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses have defined the region(s) of chromosome 22 retained in these BCNU-resistant cells. RESULTS: Karyotypic analyses demonstrated that cells selected for BCNU resistance were near-diploid with over-representation of chromosomes 7 and 22. In cells where whole copies of chromosome 22 were not identified, numerous fragments of this chromosome were retained and inserted into several marker and derivative chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses using whole chromosome paints confirmed this finding. Additional FISH analysis using bacterial artificial chromosome probes spanning the length of chromosome 22 have allowed us to map the over-represented region to 22q12.3–13.32. CONCLUSION: Cells selected for BCNU resistance either in vivo or in vitro retain sequences mapped to chromosome 22. The specific over-representation of sequences mapped to 22q12.3–13.32 suggest the presence of a DNA sequence important to BCNU survival and/or resistance located in this region of chromosome 22

Valuation of Closely-Held Stock for Federal Tax Purposes: Approach to an Objective Method

The present double-standard approach to the valuation problem discriminates against owners of closely-held stock, that is, corporate shares which have no public market. The disparity of treatment is traceable to the unfortunate fact that, whereas actual sales or bona fide bid and asked prices govern the valuation for federal tax purposes of listed stocks and of unlisted stocks which are dealt in through brokers or have a market, the criteria employed in valuing closely-held stock are predominantly subjective. This makes a paradise for experts but they seldom agree and few, if any, of their assumptions and conclusions are anything more than unverified, and not always wholly disinterested, hunches. As a consequence, disagreement between taxpayer and revenue agent is frequent and the process of resolving disagreement is long and costly and the event uncertain. In short, the whole merry-go-round of valuing closely-held stock is wasteful and unfair. This paper and the study it reports are addressed to the possibility of improving the situation by making a fresh approach to the valuation of closely-held stock

Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs Accreting CO-Rich Matter I: A Comparison Between Rotating and Non-Rotating Models

We investigate the lifting effect of rotation on the thermal evolution of CO WDs accreting CO-rich matter. We find that rotation induces the cooling of the accreting star so that the delivered gravitational energy causes a greater expansion with respect to the standard non-rotating case. The increase in the surface radius produces a decrease in the surface value of the critical angular velocity and, therefore, the accreting WD becomes gravitationally unbound (Roche instability). This occurrence is due to an increase in the total angular momentum of the accreting WD and depends critically on the amount of specific angular momentum deposited by the accreted matter. If the specific angular momentum of the accreted matter is equal to that of the outer layers of the accreting structure, the Roche instability occurs well before the accreting WD can attain the physical conditions for C-burning. If the values of both initial angular velocity and accretion rate are small, we find that the accreting WD undergoes a secular instability when its total mass approaches 1.4 Msun. At this stage, the ratio between the rotational and the gravitational binding energy of the WD becomes of the order of 0.1, so that the star must deform by adopting an elliptical shape. In this case, since the angular velocity of the WD is as large as 1 rad/s, the anisotropic mass distribution induces the loss of rotational energy and angular momentum via GWR. We find that, independent of the braking efficiency, the WD contracts and achieves the physical conditions suitable for explosive C-burning at the center so that a type Ia supernova event is produced.Comment: 39 pages, 22 eps-figures; accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa